Where these cars are built, and what they came with
A VIN is a description, not an identifier. Decoded, every vehicle on the Texas autonomous-vehicle registry says which plant assembled it and what driver-assistance equipment it left the factory carrying — two facts that appear in no operator's disclosure and separate the fleets more sharply than any safety figure does. Texas is the only state that publishes a live per-operator vehicle list, so this is a Texas picture, not a national one.
Every fleet, by where its cars were assembled
Split at the US border. Assembly location is stamped into each VIN and stated in no press release, and it is the sharpest available line between these companies.
Waymo operates the largest robotaxi fleet on the Texas registry and did not assemble a single one of its 988 cars in the United States: 767 come from Graz, Austria, and the rest from Ningbo City, China. Tesla, Zoox and May Mobility build entirely in the US. Nothing about that is a safety finding on its own. It is a supply-chain and tariff exposure that follows directly from which car an operator chose, and it is not disclosed anywhere else.
The plants themselves
Each assembly site with the vehicles it builds and the operators it builds them for. A single plant in Austria accounts for more registered robotaxis than every US plant except two.
| Builds | For | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graz | Austria | Jaguar I-PACE | 767 | ||
| Fremont | United States | Zoox, Tesla Model Y | 392 | ||
| Ellabell | United States | Hyundai Ioniq 5 | 334 | ||
| Ningbo City | China | Zeekr RT | 221 | ||
| Charlotte | United States | Isuzu FTR, Isuzu FVR | freight | 64 | |
| Princeton | United States | Toyota Sienna, Toyota Highlander | 61 | ||
| Denton | United States | Peterbilt 567, Peterbilt 579 | 50 | ||
| Austin | United States | Tesla Cybercab | 45 | ||
| Saltillo | Mexico | Freightliner RA Cascadia, Freightliner Cascadia | freight | 38 | |
| Escobedo | Mexico | International LT62F | 29 | ||
| Casa Grande | United States | Lucid Gravity | 26 | ||
| Chillicothe | United States | Kenworth T680 | freight | 24 | |
| New River Valley | United States | Volvo Truck VNL | 21 | ||
| Toyota City | Japan | Toyota Prius | 21 | ||
| Ulsan | South Korea | Hyundai Ioniq 5 | 10 | ||
| Cleveland | United States | Freightliner Cascadia | freight | 4 | |
| Portland | United States | Freightliner RA Cascadia | freight | 3 | |
| No rows match this filter. | |||||
What the base vehicle shipped with
Driver-assistance equipment recorded for each passenger platform before any autonomy stack was fitted. A filled cell is equipment the catalogue records as standard; an empty cell is equipment it records nothing about.
An empty row is a gap in the record, not a missing brake
The one caveat that decides how the grid above should be read.
The catalogue states plainly that a blank means it holds no data on that variable, not that the feature is absent — and this fleet contains the proof. The Jaguar I-PACE appears in two model years and is described almost completely in one and almost not at all in the other: 2021 lists 1 variable across 91 cars, and 2024 lists 21 variables across 676 cars — counted across every equipment variable the catalogue carries, which is more than the 19 the grid has room to draw. It is the same vehicle from the same plant. So an empty row means the catalogue was never populated for that car, which for a vehicle nobody can buy is exactly what you would expect.
What survives the caveat is still worth stating. Every one of the 1,606 vehicles the catalogue describes is a production car a member of the public could buy, and every purpose-built robotaxi in the fleet — 271 of them — is described by nothing at all. The public record of what a vehicle is thins out precisely where the vehicle is most novel, and that is a disclosure finding rather than a safety one.
The physical car
Mass, capacity and powertrain per platform. Weight class matters because the harm a collision does is a function of what hits what, and these vehicles run from a Class 1 passenger car to a Class 8 tractor. Curb weight itself is recorded for only three of them, which is why the class is the column that carries the comparison.
| Toyota Highlander | Zoox | Class 2E | 4,861 lb | 7 | 5 | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | Hybrid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toyota Sienna | May Mobility | Class 2E | 4,725 lb | 7 | 5 | Minivan | Hybrid |
| Tesla Model Y | Tesla | Class 1D | 4,482 lb | 5 | 5 | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | Electric |
| Jaguar I-PACE | Waymo | Class 1D | 5 | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | Electric | ||
| Hyundai Ioniq 5 | Avride | Class 1D | 5 | 5 | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | Electric | |
| Zeekr RT | Waymo | Hatchback/Liftback/Notchback | Electric | ||||
| Isuzu FTR | Freight carrier | Class 6 | Incomplete - Chassis Cab (Single Cab) | Diesel | |||
| Tesla Cybercab | Tesla | 2 | Hatchback/Liftback/Notchback | Electric | |||
| Peterbilt 579 | Aurora | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| International LT62F | Aurora | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Freightliner RA Cascadia | Freight carrier | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Lucid Gravity | Nuro | Class 2F | 7 | 4 | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | Electric | |
| Kenworth T680 | Freight carrier | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Toyota Prius | Nuro | Class 1 | 5 | 5 | Hatchback/Liftback/Notchback | Hybrid | |
| Volvo Truck VNL | Aurora | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Isuzu FVR | Freight carrier | Class 7 | Incomplete - Chassis Cab (Single Cab) | Diesel | |||
| Freightliner Cascadia | Freight carrier | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Peterbilt 567 | Freight carrier | Class 8 | Truck-Tractor | Diesel | |||
| Zoox | Zoox | 2 | Sedan/Saloon | Electric | |||
| No rows match this filter. | |||||||
What a decoded VIN is, and is not
How to read this page.
Every vehicle sold for US roads carries a 17-character VIN that encodes the manufacturer, the plant, the model year and a description of how the car was built. The federal catalogue turns that into a few hundred named fields. It is authoritative about what left the factory and says nothing whatsoever about what has happened since.
So this page describes the car underneath the robotaxi, not the robotaxi. An operator strips and rebuilds these vehicles: sensors, compute, redundant steering and braking, and in several cases the removal of controls entirely. None of that is in a VIN. Read the equipment grid as the floor the operator started from.
Assembly country is where the vehicle was put together, which is not the same as where its parts were made or where its manufacturer is headquartered. A car assembled in Austria for a British marque owned by an Indian company is a normal thing, and the useful reading of the import column is exposure to tariffs and shipping, not nationality.
Three vehicles in the fleet returned a decode error and are counted but not fully described. For the recall history attached to these same base vehicles see platform recalls; for the fleet counts and model years behind these decodes, the fleet census.