DatabaseOperatorsBuild and origin

Where these cars are built, and what they came with

A VIN is a description, not an identifier. Decoded, every vehicle on the Texas autonomous-vehicle registry says which plant assembled it and what driver-assistance equipment it left the factory carrying — two facts that appear in no operator's disclosure and separate the fleets more sharply than any safety figure does. Texas is the only state that publishes a live per-operator vehicle list, so this is a Texas picture, not a national one.

Built outside the US
51.5%
1,086 of 2,110 vehicles on the Texas registry, across 5 countries
Assembly plants
17
The largest single one builds 767 of them
Fleets entirely imported
1
Waymo — not one of their Texas-registered cars was assembled in the US
Undescribed by the catalogue
504
271 purpose-built robotaxis and 233 trucks carry no equipment record

Every fleet, by where its cars were assembled

Split at the US border. Assembly location is stamped into each VIN and stated in no press release, and it is the sharpest available line between these companies.

Waymo
988
all imported — Austria, China
Tesla
432
all US-built
Avride
344
3% imported — South Korea
Aurora
91
32% imported — Mexico
Nuro
47
45% imported — Japan
Zoox
44
all US-built
May Mobility
22
all US-built
Assembled in the United StatesImported

Waymo operates the largest robotaxi fleet on the Texas registry and did not assemble a single one of its 988 cars in the United States: 767 come from Graz, Austria, and the rest from Ningbo City, China. Tesla, Zoox and May Mobility build entirely in the US. Nothing about that is a safety finding on its own. It is a supply-chain and tariff exposure that follows directly from which car an operator chose, and it is not disclosed anywhere else.

The plants themselves

Each assembly site with the vehicles it builds and the operators it builds them for. A single plant in Austria accounts for more registered robotaxis than every US plant except two.

BuildsFor
GrazAustriaJaguar I-PACE767
FremontUnited StatesZoox, Tesla Model Y392
EllabellUnited StatesHyundai Ioniq 5334
Ningbo CityChinaZeekr RT221
CharlotteUnited StatesIsuzu FTR, Isuzu FVRfreight64
PrincetonUnited StatesToyota Sienna, Toyota Highlander61
DentonUnited StatesPeterbilt 567, Peterbilt 57950
AustinUnited StatesTesla Cybercab45
SaltilloMexicoFreightliner RA Cascadia, Freightliner Cascadiafreight38
EscobedoMexicoInternational LT62F29
Casa GrandeUnited StatesLucid Gravity26
ChillicotheUnited StatesKenworth T680freight24
New River ValleyUnited StatesVolvo Truck VNL21
Toyota CityJapanToyota Prius21
UlsanSouth KoreaHyundai Ioniq 510
ClevelandUnited StatesFreightliner Cascadiafreight4
PortlandUnited StatesFreightliner RA Cascadiafreight3
No rows match this filter.
Plant names come from the vehicle catalogue, which records some sites by city and some by company; the two spellings of one site are merged.

What the base vehicle shipped with

Driver-assistance equipment recorded for each passenger platform before any autonomy stack was fitted. A filled cell is equipment the catalogue records as standard; an empty cell is equipment it records nothing about.

Recorded as standard equipmentNothing recorded
Braking interventionForward collision warningPedestrian brakingDynamic brake supportRear brakingLane departure warningLane keepingLane centeringBlind spot monitoringBlind spot interventionRear cross trafficRear visibilityPark assistAdaptive cruiseStability controlAnti-lock brakingTraction controlTyre pressureEvent data recorderJaguar I-PACE (767)Tesla Model Y (387)Hyundai Ioniq 5 (344)Zeekr RT (221)Tesla Cybercab (45)Toyota Highlander (39)Lucid Gravity (26)Toyota Sienna (22)Toyota Prius (21)Zoox (5)
Matrix of factory driver-assistance equipment by robotaxi platform. Jaguar I-PACE: 17 of 19 recorded; Tesla Model Y: 15 of 19 recorded; Hyundai Ioniq 5: 18 of 19 recorded; Zeekr RT: 0 of 19 recorded; Tesla Cybercab: 0 of 19 recorded; Toyota Highlander: 14 of 19 recorded; Lucid Gravity: 18 of 19 recorded; Toyota Sienna: 18 of 19 recorded; Toyota Prius: 12 of 19 recorded; Zoox: 0 of 19 recorded.

An empty row is a gap in the record, not a missing brake

The one caveat that decides how the grid above should be read.

The catalogue states plainly that a blank means it holds no data on that variable, not that the feature is absent — and this fleet contains the proof. The Jaguar I-PACE appears in two model years and is described almost completely in one and almost not at all in the other: 2021 lists 1 variable across 91 cars, and 2024 lists 21 variables across 676 cars — counted across every equipment variable the catalogue carries, which is more than the 19 the grid has room to draw. It is the same vehicle from the same plant. So an empty row means the catalogue was never populated for that car, which for a vehicle nobody can buy is exactly what you would expect.

What survives the caveat is still worth stating. Every one of the 1,606 vehicles the catalogue describes is a production car a member of the public could buy, and every purpose-built robotaxi in the fleet — 271 of them — is described by nothing at all. The public record of what a vehicle is thins out precisely where the vehicle is most novel, and that is a disclosure finding rather than a safety one.

The physical car

Mass, capacity and powertrain per platform. Weight class matters because the harm a collision does is a function of what hits what, and these vehicles run from a Class 1 passenger car to a Class 8 tractor. Curb weight itself is recorded for only three of them, which is why the class is the column that carries the comparison.

Toyota HighlanderZooxClass 2E4,861 lb75Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]Hybrid
Toyota SiennaMay MobilityClass 2E4,725 lb75MinivanHybrid
Tesla Model YTeslaClass 1D4,482 lb55Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]Electric
Jaguar I-PACEWaymoClass 1D5Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]Electric
Hyundai Ioniq 5AvrideClass 1D55Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]Electric
Zeekr RTWaymoHatchback/Liftback/NotchbackElectric
Isuzu FTRFreight carrierClass 6Incomplete - Chassis Cab (Single Cab)Diesel
Tesla CybercabTesla2Hatchback/Liftback/NotchbackElectric
Peterbilt 579AuroraClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
International LT62FAuroraClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
Freightliner RA CascadiaFreight carrierClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
Lucid GravityNuroClass 2F74Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]Electric
Kenworth T680Freight carrierClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
Toyota PriusNuroClass 155Hatchback/Liftback/NotchbackHybrid
Volvo Truck VNLAuroraClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
Isuzu FVRFreight carrierClass 7Incomplete - Chassis Cab (Single Cab)Diesel
Freightliner CascadiaFreight carrierClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
Peterbilt 567Freight carrierClass 8Truck-TractorDiesel
ZooxZoox2Sedan/SaloonElectric
No rows match this filter.
Blank cells are values the catalogue does not carry for that vehicle. Curb weight in particular is recorded for only a handful of platforms.

What a decoded VIN is, and is not

How to read this page.

Every vehicle sold for US roads carries a 17-character VIN that encodes the manufacturer, the plant, the model year and a description of how the car was built. The federal catalogue turns that into a few hundred named fields. It is authoritative about what left the factory and says nothing whatsoever about what has happened since.

So this page describes the car underneath the robotaxi, not the robotaxi. An operator strips and rebuilds these vehicles: sensors, compute, redundant steering and braking, and in several cases the removal of controls entirely. None of that is in a VIN. Read the equipment grid as the floor the operator started from.

Assembly country is where the vehicle was put together, which is not the same as where its parts were made or where its manufacturer is headquartered. A car assembled in Austria for a British marque owned by an Indian company is a normal thing, and the useful reading of the import column is exposure to tariffs and shipping, not nationality.

Three vehicles in the fleet returned a decode error and are counted but not fully described. For the recall history attached to these same base vehicles see platform recalls; for the fleet counts and model years behind these decodes, the fleet census.